Pharmacology topics
Adrenergic Drugs and ReceptorsAdrenergic receptors for NEET PG & INI-CET: α1, α2, β1, β2, β3 sites and effects, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine doses and adrenaline reversal.Anti-Diabetic DrugsAnti-diabetic drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: insulin types, metformin, sulfonylureas, TZDs, DPP-4, GLP-1, SGLT2 inhibitors and the ADA 2026 approach.Anti-emetic DrugsAnti-emetic drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: CTZ and vomiting centre, 5-HT3, D2, H1, M1 and NK1 blockers, drug of choice by situation, QT and EPS traps.Anti-Tubercular DrugsAnti-tubercular drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: how H, R, Z, E and S work, resistance genes, side effects, rifampicin induction, pyridoxine, LFT monitoring.Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Vaughan WilliamsRevise Vaughan Williams classes I–IV: sodium, beta, potassium and calcium blockade, ECG effects, key drugs, adverse effects and exam traps.Anticancer Drugs — Mechanisms and ToxicitiesAnticancer drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: classes, cell-cycle phase, signature toxicities of cisplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and antidotes.AnticoagulantsAnticoagulants for NEET PG & INI-CET: UFH vs LMWH vs fondaparinux, warfarin and INR, DOACs, antidotes from protamine to idarucizumab, HIT and monitoring.Antihypertensive DrugsAntihypertensive drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: ACEi, ARB, CCB, thiazides, beta-blockers, side effects, pregnancy choices, emergencies and first-line rules.Antiparkinsonian DrugsAntiparkinsonian drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: levodopa-carbidopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B and COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics, amantadine, side effects.Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic DrugsAntiprotozoal and anthelmintic drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: metronidazole, albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, drug-of-choice table and traps.Autacoids: Histamine, Serotonin and ProstaglandinsRevise autacoids through histamine blockers, serotonin receptor drugs and prostaglandin analogues, with mechanisms, clinical uses and exam traps.CorticosteroidsCorticosteroids for NEET PG & INI-CET: mechanism, potency, equivalent doses, side effects, tapering, adrenal crisis, stress dosing, antenatal steroids.Digoxin and Cardiac GlycosidesDigoxin for NEET PG & INI-CET: Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, uses, drug interactions, toxicity features, bidirectional VT, hyperkalaemia and Fab antidote.DiureticsDiuretics for NEET PG & INI-CET: site of action along the nephron, loop vs thiazide vs K-sparing, CAIs, mannitol, adverse effects, uses and exam traps.Drug of Choice ListDrug of choice list for NEET PG & INI-CET: infections, arrhythmias, anaphylaxis, endocrine and neuro emergencies, eclampsia and antidotes, with traps.Drug Receptors and Their TypesDrug receptor types for NEET PG & INI-CET: ligand-gated ion channels, GPCRs (Gs, Gi, Gq), enzyme-linked and nuclear receptors, with examples and speed.Drugs for Peptic Ulcer: PPIs and H2 BlockersPeptic ulcer drugs for NEET PG & INI-CET: PPIs, H2 blockers, sucralfate, misoprostol, bismuth, H. pylori regimens, adverse effects and interactions.Hypolipidaemic DrugsRevise lipid-lowering drugs: statin mechanism, myopathy and LFT rules, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, niacin flushing, resins and bempedoic acid.NSAIDsNSAIDs for NEET PG & INI-CET: classification, COX-1 vs COX-2, aspirin's irreversible action, adverse effects, contraindications and salicylate toxicity.PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics for NEET PG & INI-CET: ADME, bioavailability, Vd, clearance, t½ = 0.693 × Vd/CL, loading dose, zero-order drugs and CYP450 interactions.Respiratory Pharmacology: Bronchodilators and AntitussivesRevise respiratory pharmacology: beta agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthines and antitussives, with mechanisms, adverse effects and exam traps.
Also relevant to Pharmacology
Concepts filed under another subject that are also tested in Pharmacology.
Acute Inflammation — Vascular and Cellular EventsAcute inflammation for NEET PG & INI-CET: vasodilation and leak, leukocyte cascade (selectins, integrins, PECAM-1), mediators, CRP, LAD types, outcomes.PathologyPhysiologyPharmacologyAntipsychoticsAntipsychotics for NEET PG & INI-CET: typical vs atypical, dopamine pathways, EPS timing and treatment, NMS, clozapine monitoring, metabolic and QT risks.PsychiatryPharmacologyConnective Tissue Disease AutoantibodiesAutoantibodies for NEET PG & INI-CET: ANA patterns, anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith in SLE, anti-U1 RNP in MCTD, Scl-70, centromere, Jo-1, Ro and La pairings.PathologyMedicinePharmacologyCounter-current MechanismCounter-current mechanism for NEET PG & INI-CET: loop of Henle multiplier, vasa recta exchanger, urea recycling, ADH and AQP2, and loop diuretics.PhysiologyPharmacologyGeneral Anaesthetic Agents: IV and InhalationalRevise IV and inhalational anaesthetics: propofol, ketamine, etomidate, MAC, solubility, adverse effects and important exam distinctions.AnaesthesiaPharmacologyHeavy Metal Poisoning: Lead, Copper and MercuryHeavy metal poisoning for NEET PG & INI-CET: lead line, basophilic stippling, saturnine gout, mercury forms, copper sulphate, and chelators for each metal.Forensic MedicinePharmacologyIrritant Plant PoisonsIrritant plant poisons for NEET PG & INI-CET: abrus (sui), ricinus, croton, calotropis, marking nut, capsicum — active principles and medico-legal points.Forensic MedicinePharmacologyLeishmaniasis and HaemoflagellatesLeishmaniasis and haemoflagellates for NEET PG & INI-CET: LD bodies, kala-azar, PKDL, African and American trypanosomiasis, diagnosis and drug table.MicrobiologyMedicinePharmacologyLocal AnaestheticsLocal anaesthetics for NEET PG & INI-CET: ester vs amide, sodium-channel block, maximum doses, LAST and lipid emulsion, bupivacaine cardiotoxicity, EMLA.AnaesthesiaPharmacologyMenopause and HRTRevise menopause physiology and HRT: follicular depletion, FSH changes, symptom treatment, endometrial protection, routes and key risks.Obstetrics & GynaecologyPhysiologyPharmacologyMood Disorders: Depression and BipolarRevise depression and bipolar criteria, mania versus hypomania, episode-based treatment, lithium monitoring, adverse effects and common exam traps.PsychiatryPharmacologyPrimary GlaucomaPrimary glaucoma for NEET PG & INI-CET: POAG vs angle closure, IOP, disc cupping, field defects, drug classes, SLT, acute angle closure management and LPI.OphthalmologyPharmacologyPseudomembranous Colitis (Clostridioides difficile)C. difficile colitis for NEET PG & INI-CET: toxins A and B, risk factors, two-step testing, severity criteria, fidaxomicin vs vancomycin, toxic megacolon.MicrobiologyMedicinePharmacologySeizures and Antiepileptic DrugsSeizures for NEET PG & INI-CET: ILAE 2017 seizure types, drug of choice by seizure type, status epilepticus steps, valproate in pregnancy and key ADRs.MedicinePharmacologyPediatricsSJS, TEN and Severe Cutaneous Drug ReactionsSJS/TEN for NEET PG & INI-CET: BSA cut-offs, culprit drugs, HLA-B*15:02 and B*58:01, SCORTEN, management, plus DRESS and AGEP compared.DermatologyPharmacologyTB Treatment Regimens under NTEPNTEP TB regimens for NEET PG & INI-CET: 2HRZE/4HRE weight bands, upfront NAAT, MDR, pre-XDR and XDR, BPaLM, 9-11 month oral regimen, Ni-kshay Poshan.Community MedicineMedicinePharmacologyThyroid Hormone SynthesisThyroid hormone synthesis for NEET PG & INI-CET: NIS, TPO, coupling, thyroglobulin, deiodinases, Wolff-Chaikoff and the drugs that block each step.PhysiologyBiochemistryPharmacology