NEET-PG Anatomy Previous Year Questions (2017–2026)

Correct answer: C. Round ligament. The round ligament of the uterus is the principal structure maintaining uterine anteversion.

Each round ligament passes from the uterine cornu through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal to blend into the labium majus. Its forward and downward pull tilts the fundus anteriorly over the bladder, producing anteversion. By contrast the uterosacral ligament pulls the cervix backward and chiefly resists retroversion, so for anteversion specifically the round ligament is the best answer.

Cadaveric dissection: the round ligament runs forward from the uterine cornu toward the deep inguinal ring, tilting the fundus into anteversion.

Incorrect Options:

• A. Cardinal ligament: the transverse cervical (Mackenrodt) ligament gives lateral support at the cervix and vaginal vault and prevents uterine descent; it does not create anteversion.

  Pelvic support ligaments; the cardinal ligament (CL) anchors the cervix laterally.

• B. Pubocervical ligament: part of the anterior endopelvic (levator) fascia supporting the bladder neck and cervix; it has no role in tilting the fundus forward.

  Levator ani and endopelvic (pubocervical) fascia providing anterior support.

• D. Uterosacral ligament: runs from the cervix to the sacrum and pulls the cervix backward, so it chiefly prevents retroversion rather than producing anteversion.

  Pelvic support ligaments; the uterosacral ligament (USL) tethers the cervix posteriorly.

High-Yield Facts:

• Maintains anteversion: round ligament is greater than uterosacral ligament.
• Prevents retroversion: uterosacral ligament is greater than round ligament.
• The round ligament is the female remnant of the gubernaculum and travels with the canal of Nuck.
• The cardinal (Mackenrodt) ligament transmits the uterine artery and is the main lateral cervical support.

Correct answer: B. Red nucleus. In Benedikt syndrome the contralateral tremor and involuntary movements come from injury to the red nucleus.

The red nucleus lies in the midbrain tegmentum and is a relay in the dentato-rubro-thalamic (cerebellar) circuit. Damage to it, together with adjacent superior cerebellar peduncle fibres, produces contralateral tremor, ataxia and choreoathetosis. The nearby oculomotor (cranial nerve three) fascicles are also caught, giving the ipsilateral down-and-out eye with ptosis and a dilated pupil, while medial lemniscus/spinothalamic involvement explains the contralateral sensory loss.

Transverse midbrain section; the paired red nuclei sit in the tegmentum, ventral to the cerebral aqueduct.

Incorrect Options:

• A. Substantia nigra: a dopaminergic nucleus; its loss causes parkinsonism (rest tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia), not the rubral tremor of Benedikt syndrome.

  Midbrain at the inferior colliculi; the substantia nigra lies between the crus cerebri and tegmentum.

• C. Medial lemniscus: carries fine touch, vibration and proprioception; its damage gives contralateral loss of these modalities, not a tremor.

  Brainstem section; the medial lemniscus conveys dorsal-column sensation upward.

• D. Spinal lemniscus: the brainstem continuation of the spinothalamic tract carrying pain and temperature; its involvement explains the contralateral pain/temperature loss, not the movements.

  The anterolateral (spinothalamic) system continues as the spinal lemniscus in the brainstem.

High-Yield Facts:

• Benedikt syndrome = red nucleus plus cranial nerve three fascicle (paramedian midbrain tegmentum).
• Weber syndrome = crus cerebri: cranial nerve three palsy with contralateral hemiplegia.
• Claude syndrome = red nucleus plus superior cerebellar peduncle: cranial nerve three palsy with contralateral ataxia.
• The red nucleus is a key relay of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tremor circuit.

Correct answer: D. Brown-Sequard syndrome. A clean hemisection of the cord produces this crossed pattern of deficits.

Hemisection damages the ipsilateral dorsal column (uncrossed) giving ipsilateral loss of vibration and proprioception, and the ipsilateral lateral corticospinal tract (already crossed in the medulla) giving ipsilateral weakness. The spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature that have decussated one to two segments above entry, so its interruption causes contralateral pain and temperature loss beginning a little below the lesion.

Cord tracts: dorsal columns (blue, uncrossed) and spinothalamic fibres (red, crossed) explain the dissociated deficits of hemisection.

Incorrect Options:

• A. Central cord syndrome: damage around the central canal (often hyperextension injury) affecting crossing spinothalamic fibres, with upper limbs weaker than lower limbs - not a hemi-pattern.

  Central cord syndrome: central grey and crossing fibres affected; arms more than legs.

• B. Anterior cord syndrome: anterior spinal artery infarct loses motor power and pain/temperature bilaterally while the dorsal columns are spared.

  Anterior cord syndrome: anterior two-thirds infarcted, dorsal columns preserved.

• C. Posterior cord syndrome: isolated dorsal column loss gives loss of vibration, proprioception and fine touch with sensory ataxia - rare and not one-sided motor loss.

  The dorsal column medial lemniscus system (gracile and cuneate fasciculi) is lost in posterior cord syndrome.

High-Yield Facts:

• Brown-Sequard: ipsilateral motor and dorsal-column loss with contralateral pain and temperature loss.
• The spinothalamic tract decussates within one to two segments of entry, so the crossed loss starts just below the lesion.
• Dorsal columns ascend ipsilaterally; the lateral corticospinal tract has already crossed in the medulla.
• Most common causes are penetrating trauma (stab or gunshot) and lateral cord compression.